validity and reliability in mixed methods research

Gender, vehicle ownership, and with children/without children had significant moderating effects on certain paths of the SEM. (2) Compared with service quality, trip-chain complexity negatively affected the intention of using public transport in a wider range of indirect paths. The results showed that (1) the proposed model, which transformed travel-chain characteristics into travel-chain complexity using K-means clustering and adopted a bounded rationality perspective, had the best fit and was the most effective with comparison to the previous prediction approaches.

Finally, the travel intention of PLS-SEM was compared with the travel sharing rate of the generalized ordered Logit model to determine the trip-chain complexity effects for different public transport modes. Then, based on the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) and the generalized ordered Logit model, a mixed-selection model was established. First, this study used K-means clustering to transform the characteristics of the travel trip chain into the complexity of the trip chain. Our study focused on the relationship between the trip-chain complexity environment and travel intention, combining the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with travelers’ preferences to construct a bounded rationality theory.

However, public transport service optimization requires an accurate understanding of the travel environment, selection preferences, demand prediction, and systematic dispatch.

The promotion of mobility as a service (MaaS) has positive effects on facilitating the public transport traffic environment. With urban expansion and traffic environment improvement, travel chains continue to grow, and the combination of travel purposes and modes becomes more complex.

Validity and reliability in mixed methods research